Pdf intercultural and crosscultural communication research. Kim, 2014, much less attention has been paid to the environmental influences on adap. Gudykunst and kim 1977 argued that interactions with people from different cultures often involved high levels of uncertainty, and actual or anticipation of these uncertain experiences could heighten individuals anxiety. Nov 10, 2017 karakteristik khas dari model gudykunst. Model ini pada dasarnya sesuai untuk komunikasi tatap muka, khususnya antara dua orang. Gudykunst has 24 books on goodreads with 465 ratings. Anxietyuncertainty management aum theory was introduced by william b. What follows is an application of kramers 1997 theory of dimensional. Assumption 3the reduction of cognitive uncertainty and affective anxiety exert independent influences on adaptation. Recognize main notions behind two other models of communication. Kim has developed an integrative communication theory of crosscultural adaptation which conceives adaptation as a dialectic process of the stressadaptationgrowth dynamic that gradually leads to greater functional fitness and psychological health with regards to the host environment. A multimethod multitrait validity assessment of self. Theories of culture and communication communication theory.
Derived from the bestselling handbook of international and intercultural communication, second edition, this paperback version contains only the chapters dealing with crosscultural and. Gudykunsts most popular book is communicating with strangers. Crosscultural and intercultural communication book, 2003. Intercultural communication commgap intercultural communication defining intercultural communication intercultural communication takes place when individuals influenced by different cultural communities negotiate shared meanings in interaction.
Gudykunst california state university, fullerton young yun kim university of oklahoma boston, massachusetts burr ridge, illinois dubuque, iowa madison, wisconsin new york, new york san francisco, california st. Effective intergroup communication, 3e as well as the. It does not presuppose a linear metaphysic nor the ethnocentric concept of progress which is presumed in some theories of acculturation claiming for example, that intercultural adaptation moves in an upwardforward manner toward the singular and final goal of total assimilation gudykunst and kim, 2003, pp. Gudykunst and others the coordinated management of meaning cmm w.
An approach to intercultural communication 4th edition. This successful intercultural communication text provides a comprehensive overview of important theory and research in intercultural communication. Pdf intercultural theory may be derived from several independent lines of research. Coutu, and patricia covarrubias the matrix of face. Hofstede offers all interested in intercultural communication an immediate explanation of how the communication in management is influenced by culture. Theories in intercultural communication international and intercultural communication annual. Theorizing about intercultural communication ebook, 2005. Communicating with strangers looks at the basic processes of intercultural communication and ties those processes to the practical task of creating understanding between people of different cultures, backgrounds and communication patterns. Anxiety and uncertainty management in intercultural communication 6 2004 robert b. It does not presuppose a linear metaphysic nor the ethnocentric concept of progress which is presumed in some theories of acculturation claiming for example, that intercultural adaptation moves in an upwardforward manner toward the singular and final goal of total assimilation gudykunst and kim. Theories of culture and communication communication.
The term intercultural communication was used in edward t. Apalagi di negara indonesia, budayanya sangat majemuk dan bermacammacam. A century ago, world travel was unusual and newsworthy. Bill has written and edited numerous works for sage, including the handbook of intercultural and international communication, 2e, and bridging differences. They argue like yoshikawa that we shall see intercultural communication as a dialogical process, in which. Gudykunst and kim 2003 suggest that the cultural influences on communication are groupheld values, norms, beliefs and attitudes that influence the interaction. This studys main objective was to identify reactions triggered when individuals partaking in an intercultural communication interaction believe that there is a discrepancy between the way they identify themselves ethnically and the way they are perceived. Out of the 178 tesol masters programs listed in the directory of professional preparation programs in tesol in the united states kornblum, 1992, 85 programs listed an intercultural communication or related course. Crosscultural and intercultural communication sage. I conclude by overviewing the articles included in this issue and discussing how they are consistent with current trends in the study of cultural variability in communication.
Eric ed351738 theories in intercultural communication. Theorizing about intercultural communication gudykunst, william on. Acculturation and intercultural identity in the postmodern world. Dengan komunikasi gudykunst and kim ini juga kita dalam mempelajari dan mengetahui latar belakang suatu budaya, agama, suku, lingkungan, pendidikan, dll.
Following this, i examine individuallevel processes that mediate the influence of culture on communication. Gudykunst and kim 1997 recognize that within any nation, a multitude of racial and ethnic groups exist, and their members interact daily p. Updating an earlier issue of the international and intercultural communication annual volume vii, 1983, this collection of essays represents the major approaches to the study of intercultural communication, as well as of communication in general. Gudykunstbrings together key theories that have shaped and influenced human intercultural communication. The article explores ethnic stereotypes in interaction with shared identity in the intercultural communication. This is assuming that the individuals within the intercultural. Model komunikasi ini dapar merepresentasikan komunikasi antara siapa saja, karena pada dasarnya tidak ada dua orang yang mempunyai budaya, sosial budaya dan psikobudaya yang persis sama. Section 3, cultural influences on the communication process. Tanya glaser, conflict research consortium william gudykunst and young yun kim, communicating with strangers. Mindfulness, according to langer 1989, suggests concentration on the process of communicating rather than the outcomes of communication. Having established in chapter 6 that differences between groups at work can create obstacles to communication in numerous ways, we can begin to. Gudykunst and kim argue that effective communication with strangers requires an increased awareness of our communication behaviours.
Understanding cultural influences 2 someetic frameworks. My purpose in this article is to introduce studying cultural variability in communication in general and this special issue in particular. Intercultural communication and ethnic identity jelena durovic. An earlier version of this article was presented to the international communication association, chicago, may 1991. Chapter 11 cultural fusion and the defense of difference. Contributors to this text include individuals who actually developed the theories covered in the book. In theorizing about intercultural communication, editor william b.
This feat was considered remarkable at the time and was widely publicized as astonishing news. Gudykunst and kim 1997 assert that higher levels of anxiety can result in a rigidity of categories stereotyping and a tendency toward mindlessness. Gudykunst and hammer generated a communicationbased theory to explain intercultural adaptation. Uncertainty avoidance gudykunst and kim state that. When uncertainty is high, anxiety is usually high, and communication can be difficult and. Triandis calls these the subjective culture, as opposed to the physical and even behavioral manifestations of culture objective culture. Culture is the aggregate collection of values, beliefs, symbols, and norms acquired within a macrosocial framework subject to individual variability and reinforcement. Global leadership communication a strategic proposal. Intercultural communicationvalues and culturecom 372. If this was the 1990s i would give this book 5 stars, it is just ed 2 is a more updated version. Theories in intercultural communication international and.
Reflecting multidisciplinary and multisocietal approaches, this collection presents 14 theoretical or researchbased essays dealing with crosscultural adaptation of individuals who are born and raised in one culture and find themselves in need of modifying their customary life patterns in a foreign culture. Readings on communicating with strangers by gudykunst, william, kim. Model komunikasi gudykunst dan kim membuat kita dapat mengenal budaya lain secara lebih dalam. Dimensions of cultural variability, explores how culture influences communication, pointing out how cultural variability can impact communication and thereby affect teacherstudent interactions. The study attempted to provide insights that go beyond commonly used models of intercultural sensitivity and intercultural competence e. Assistant professor in the department of communication at the university of wisconsinmilwaukee, p. Intercultural communication commgap 3 traits that make for competent intercultural communicators include flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of uncertainty, reflectiveness or mindfulness,14 openmindedness, sensitivity, adaptability, and the ability to engage in divergent and systemslevel thinking. This text provides an overview of theory and research in intercultural communications. Using the critical incident approach, preschool teachers at 10 preschools in sweden were asked to describe their work with respect to ethnic and cultural diversity. Ethnocentrism can be a major obstacle to effective leadership because it prevents people from fully understanding or respecting the world of others.
The choices we make to be more effective are aimed and reducing or eliminating the doubt or fear that develop from the inability to predict expected behavior griffin, 2003, p. Cultural fusion and the defense of difference 185 in this chapter, the cartesian metaphysic is bracketed. Gudykunst to define how humans effectively communicate based on their anxiety and uncertainty in social situations. Gudykunst and kim 1997 state that individualismcollectivism is a major dimension of cultural variability used to explain crosscultural. Intercultural communication and related courses taught in. It looks at the basic processes of intercultural communication and then ties those processes to the practical task of creating understanding between people with different cultures, backgrounds and communication patterns. Diversity management in preschools using a critical. It looks at the basic processes of intercultural communication and then ties those. At the macrolevel, culture can be neatly segregated by behavioral patterns. Uncertainty, anxiety, and adaptation sciencedirect.
Some etic frameworks for understanding cultural values gudykunst and kim 2003 present a variety of frameworks that can be used to compare cultures. Description is an account of what a person observed or experienced that does not attribute social significance to the behavior. Mar 17, 2006 assistant professor in the department of communication at the university of wisconsinmilwaukee, p. Theorizing about intercultural communication provides an excellent overview of the major theories currently in use and examines how these theories will also support the foundation for future research in this area. Most of these definitions have been interpreted based on intercultural experiences or learning. Interaction of ethnic stereotypes and shared identity in.
Uncertainty avoidance gudykunst and kim state that communicating with someone from an unknown culture can be uncomfortable because such situations are replete with uncertainty and unpredictability. Tidak bisa kita pungkiri bahwa dalam kehidupan seharihari, pasti terjadi proses interaksi sosial semacam ini. Kim s theory of acculturation and intercultural identity. Gudykunst 1995 argues that one way of differentiating whether. Gudykunst s work deals with all the key issue of crosscultural and intercultural communication. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Di dalam prosesnya, terdapat proses interaktif yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh filterfilter konseptual yang dikelompokkan menjadi faktor sosiobudaya, psikobudaya dan faktor lingkungan. Looks at methodological issues in order to conduct and test theories. An approach to intercultural communication by william gudykunst and young yun kim this article summary written by. Jun 25, 2019 communicating with strangers gudykunst pdf provides an overview of theory and research in intercultural communication. For the serious international and intercultural communication scholar or consultant, i also recomend theorizing about intercultural communication editor. Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society.
Model komunikasi gudykunst menjelaskan sebuah model komunikasi dimana di dalamnya terjadi interaksi antara dua budaya atau lebih yang berbeda. Further, to be able to compare cultures, these frameworks are. That is, they tend to be used for crosscultural communication with the assumption that when people engage in intercultural communication, they might reflect these same values. An approach to intercultural communication, in bridges not walls, ed. Theories in intercultural communication international and intercultural communication annual yun kim, young, gudykunst, william b. Halls 1959 influential book, the silent language, and. Acculturation is a process in which an individual adopts, acquires and adjusts to a new cultural environment. Hall this essay explores 1 the development of the original paradigm for intercultural communication, and 2 how this paradigm was followed by scholars in the united states and in japan. While there is an extensive body of literature related to cultural discontinuities between. Two assumptions of the theory are empirically testable. In 1890, nellie bly completed a trip around the world in eighty days. Influence of cultural individualismcollectivism, self. Gudykunst and stella tingtoomey are professors of speech. Pdf a theoretical approach to intercultural communication rizak.